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Footnotes

1. J. N. Boucher, A Century and a Half of Pittsburgh. (New York, 1908), 11, p. 387. See also C. W. Dahlinger, Pittsburgh, Sketches of its Early Social Life. (New York, 1916), pp. 29-30.

2. The route of Jones' Ferry appears on the McGowan map of Pittsburgh of 1852, together with other ferry routes plying the local rivers.

3. Herbert duPuy, "A Brief History of the Monongahela Bridge, Pittsburgh, Pa.", Pennsylvania Magazine of History and Biography, XXX: 2 (1906), pp. 187-188.

4. A 1795 map of the City of Pittsburgh shows the sand bar but on the Molineux map of the city of 1830, it has disappeared.

5. Krasmus Wilson Standard History of Pittsburgh. (Chicago, 1898), pp. 112-113.

6. Act of March 19, 1810.

7. Act of February 17, 1816.

8. Pittsburgh Gazette, October 27, 1818.

9. Pittsburgh Gazette, November 24, 1818.

10. Llewellyn Edwards, A Record of the History and Evolution of Early American Bridges. (Orono, Maine, 1959), P. 198.

11. Richard S. Allen, Covered Bridges of the Middle Atlantic States. (Brattleboro, Vermont, 1959), p. 75. There is also a description of the bridge in "A View of Pittsburgh" in The Franklin Magazine Almanac for 1820. pp. 51-52, and in Rebecca Raton, Geography of Pennsylvania. (Philadelphia, 1837), P. 235.

12. D. B. Steinman and S. R. Watson, Bridges and Their Builders. (New York, 1941), pp. 121-122.

13. Dictionary of American Biography, X, Pt. 2, pp. 2-3. See also Robert Fletcher and J. P. Snow, "A History of the Development of Wooden Bridges", Proceedings of the American Society of Civil Engineers, LVII (1932).

14. duPuy, p. 194.

15. Ibid, p. 198.

16. There is a contemporary oil painting by the Pittsburgh Artist, William C. Wall, "The Great Fire of 1845) on display at the Old Post Office Museum, Pittsburgh, (on loan from John H. Follansbee, Sr.) which shows the Monongahela Bridge in flames. Another canvas, attributed to the same painter, and in the possession of the Museum, shows the ruins of the city and the bridge just after the fire.

17. The Builders of the Bridge. The Story of John Roebling and His Son. (New York, 1945), pp. 89-100.

18. D.A.B., 16, pp. 86-87; Steinman; Hamilton Schuyler, The Roeblings - A Century of Engineers, Bridge Builders, and Industrialists, (Princeton, New Jersey, 1931; "John A. Roebling", Engineering News, 10 (May 26, 1883), p. 246.

19. John A. Roebling, "The Wire Suspension Aqueduct Over the Allegheny River at Pittsburgh", Journal of the Franklin Institute. Third Series, X (1845), pp. 306-09. The bridge is illustrated on p. 307.

20. "The Wire Suspension Bridge Over the Monongahela River at Pittsburgh", The American Railroad Journal, 19, (April 4, 1846), p. 216, also (June 13, 1846), p. 376. The version quoted here is a quote from a reprint in a periodical published at Pittsburgh and edited by Neville B. Craig, The Olden Time, 1:6 (June, 1846), pp. 286-288 (reprinted 1876 under a Cincinnati imprint). See also Gustav Lindenthal, "The Monongahela Bridge - Rebuilding of the Monongahela Bridge at Pittsburgh", Engineering News, (July 7, 1883), pp. 314-315; 11 (March 14, 1884). pp. 239-241-371; "The Suspension Bridge", American Railroad Journal 10 (February 21, 1846), p. 126; Col. S. M. Wickersham, "The Monongahela Suspension Bridge", The Scientific American Supplement 15 (1883). p. 6201; "The Monongahela Suspension Bridge at Pittsburgh, Pa.," Engineering News, 10 (May 26, 1883), pp. 243-244; The Iron Age, 31:25 (June 21, 1883), pp. 3, 5, 1. Roebling's American Railroad Journal article is also illustrated with a lithographed plate of his own drawings for the structure. Steiman in his biography also reproduced two Roebling drawings for the Bridge -- opposite p. 134.

21. duPuy, p. 201.

22. Joseph White and M. W. von Bernewitz, The Bridges of Pittsburgh. (Pittsburgh, 1928), p. 32.

23. See description of a scull-race in Harper's Weekly, XIX: 545 (June 8, 1867), pp. 363-364, with a wood engraving after a sketch by C. B. Reinhart, showing the Bridge.

24. Steinman, p. 100

25. dePuy, p. 202

26. Gustav Lindenthal, "Rebuilding of the Monongahela Bridge at Pittsburgh, Pa.", Transactions of the American Society of Civil Engineers, vol. XII, no. CCLXIII (September, 1883), p. 355.

27. Biographical Review, (Pittsburgh and Vicinity), (Boston, 1897) XXLV, pp. 475-477: Memoirs of Allegheny County, Pennsylvania, (Madison, Wisconsin, 1904) I, pp. 37-38; Pittsburgh Gazette Times, February 22, 1907.

28. Lindenthal, p. 355.

29. duPuy, p. 203

30. D.A.B., 21, Supplement 1, pp. 498-499: Transactions of American Society of Civil Engineers. CV (1904); Who's Who in America (1934-35); Who's Who in American Engineering (1931); Civil Engineering (September, 1935); Engineering News Record. (August 8, 1935); Electrical Engineering, (September, 1935); New York Times, (August 1, 1935).

31. Lindenthal, pp. 355 ff-

32. A lenticular, "bow-string" or "fish-belly" through truss named for the famous German engineer Friedrich August von Pauli (1802-1883). For Pauli see Zeitschrift fŸr Baukunde, VII: 6 (1884), pp.379-396; Allegemeine Deutsch Biographi, (Leipsig, 1887), 25, pp. 251-258; and Zeitschrift des Vereins Deutscher Ingenieuren (1865) -- "den Artikel von Gerber uber die Berechnung des BrŸckentrager nach Paulischen Systems".

33. The opening of the new bridge was noticed in the following: The Scientific American, XLIX: 12 (September 22, 1883), pp. 175-180. There is a large full-page wood-engraving of the north portal, with an insert showing a general view of the bridge; Monongahela-BrŸcke, zu Pittsburgh in der Verlangerung on Smithfield Street", Zeitschrift fŸr Baukunde, 11:4 (1884), pp. 258-260; "The Rebuilding of the Monongahela Bridge at Pittsburgh, Pa.", Engineering News, 11 (May 24, 1884), pp. 251-253, 265-266.

34. The Engineering News, 67:15 (April 11, 1912), pp. 676-680.

35. "Decorating a City Bridge With Structural Steel Portals:, The Engineering News, 74:23 (December 3, 1915), p. 1086.

36. duPuy, p. 204.

37. The Pittsburgh Bulletin, XXXII: 24 (18 April, 1896), p. 4.

38. "Aluminum Floor for an Old Bridge", The Engineer (London) CLVII: 1098 (27 July, 1934), p. 91.

39. Pittsburgh Press, May 29, 1974.

40. Eric De Mare, The Bridges of Britain (London, 1954), pp. 180-181. See also David Plowden, Bridges (New York, 1974), p. 66.

41. Bridges, p. 167.

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